安(ān)科瑞 陳(chén)聰

 Application of Acrel Earth Leakage Relay in Intelligent Building

摘要(yào)：分(fēn)析了智(zhì)能(néng)建(jiàn)築應用(yòng)剩餘(yú)電(diàn)流(liú)繼(jì)電器的(dí)必(bì)要(yào)性，介紹(shào)了ASJ剩餘電(diàn)流繼電(diàn)器(qì)的(dí)主要功能，工作(zuò)原(yuán)理，分(fēn)類情(qíng)況(kuàng)和提(tí)出了在選擇(zé)剩(shèng)餘(yú)電流保(bǎo)護斷路器(qì)時(shí)的原(yuán)則和注意(yì)事(shì)項。

Abstract: the necessity of applying residual current relay in intelligent building is analyzed, the main functions, working principle, classification situation of ASJ residual current relay are introduced, and the principles and precautions in selecting residual current protection circuit breaker are indicated.

關鍵詞(cí)：ASJ剩餘(yú)電流(liú)繼電(diàn)器(qì)；智(zhì)能建(jiàn)築；應用。

Keywords: ASJ residual current relay; intelligent building; application.

1.前(qián)言 Background
剩(shèng)餘(yú)電(diàn)流(liú)繼(jì)電器(qì)是(shì)檢測剩(shèng)餘電流，將剩餘電(diàn)流值(zhí)與基準(zhǔn)值(zhí)相比較(jiào)，當剩(shèng)餘(yú)電(diàn)流值超過基(jī)準值時，發出一個(gè)機械開(kāi)閉信號（使機械(xiè)開關(guān)電(diàn)器脫(tuō)扣(kòu)或聲光報(bào)警(jǐng)裝置發(fā)出(chū)報(bào)警）的(dí)電器。剩(shèng)餘(yú)電流(liú)繼(jì)電器(qì)通常與低(dī)壓斷(duàn)路(lù)器或低(dī)壓接(jiē)觸(chù)器(qì)等組(zǔ)成組(zǔ)合式剩餘電流(liú)保護裝(zhuāng)置(zhì)，主要適用(yòng)於交(jiāo)流50Hz，額(é)定電壓400V及以(yǐ)下(xià)的(dí)TT和TN係(xì)統配電綫(xiàn)路，用(yòng)來對電氣綫路進(jìn)行接(jiē)地故(gù)障(zhàng)保(bǎo)護，防止(zhǐ)接(jiē)地故障電(diàn)流引起(qǐ)的(dí)設備損壞(huài)和(hé)電氣(qì)火(huǒ)災(zāi)事故，也(yě)可用(yòng)來對人(rén)身(shēn)觸(chù)電(diàn)危(wēi)險(xiǎn)提(tí)供(gōng)間(jiān)接(jiē)接觸保護，因而(ér)可(kě)以在智能建(jiàn)築供(gōng)配電(diàn)係統(tǒng)中廣泛應(yīng)用(yòng)。

The residual current relay is to detect the residual current and compare the residual current value with the reference value. When the residual current value exceeds the reference value, An electrical appliance that sends out a mechanical opening and closing signal. The residual current relay is usually composed of a combined residual current protection device with low voltage circuit breaker or low voltage contactor. It is mainly suitable for TT and TN system distribution lines with rated voltage of 50 Hz, and below. It can also provide indirect contact protection for personal electric shock, so it can be widely used in intelligent building power supply and distribution system.

2.剩餘電流(liú)繼(jì)電(diàn)器主要(yào)用途(tú) Main uses of residual current relay

2.1 間(jiān)接接觸(chù)電(diàn)擊保(bǎo)護(hù) Protection of Indirect Contact Electric Shock 
間(jiān)接接(jiē)觸(chù)電擊(jī)保護(hù)的(dí)措(cuò)施是自動切斷電(diàn)源。GB 13955“對間(jiān)接(jiē)接觸(chù)電擊(jī)事故的(dí)防(fáng)護"規定：“間(jiān)接接觸電擊(jī)事故防(fáng)護的(dí)主要措施是采用(yòng)自(zì)動(dòng)切斷電源的保(bǎo)護(hù)方式(shì)，以防止(zhǐ)由(yóu)於電氣(qì)設備(bèi)絕(jué)緣損壞發(fā)生損壞(huài)事故。當(dāng)電(diàn)路(lù)發生絕(jué)緣損(sǔn)壞(huài)造成接(jiē)地(dì)故障。其故障電流(liú)值小(xiǎo)於過電流保(bǎo)護(hù)裝置的(dí)動作電流值(zhí)時，應(yīng)安裝剩餘(yú)電流保(bǎo)護裝(zhuāng)置(zhì)。"研(yán)究(jiū)表(biǎo)明(míng)，人體接(jiē)觸(chù)電(diàn)壓的(dí)安全值為 50 V。為保證(zhèng)人身(shēn)安全(quán)，電氣裝置(zhì)的任何部(bù)分發(fā)生絕(jué)緣故障(zhàng)時，一旦(dàn)接觸(chù)電壓超過 50 V 時，需要(yào)在(zài)規定(dìng)的(dí)時間內自(zì)動切斷(duàn)故障(zhàng)部分電(diàn)源。過(guò)電(diàn)流保護(hù)裝置受電氣綫路和設備及(jí)自身(shēn)動作值(zhí)限(xiàn)製(zhì)，不能自動(dòng)切斷電源(yuán)。剩餘電(diàn)流(liú)保護裝(zhuāng)置(zhì)不(bù)受負荷電流(liú)影響，可(kě)與過電(diàn)流(liú)保護裝(zhuāng)置配合使(shǐ)用，作間(jiān)接接觸電擊(jī)保護 。

The measure of indirect contact electric shock protection is to automatically cut off the power supply. GB 13955" the protection of indirect contact electric shock accident "stipulates :" the main measure of indirect contact electric shock accident protection is to adopt the protection mode of automatically cutting off the power supply to prevent the damage accident caused by the insulation damage of electrical equipment. When the circuit insulation damage caused by grounding fault. When the fault current value is less than the operating current value of the over-current protection device, the residual current protection device shall be installed ." According to the research, the safe value of contact voltage is 50V. For personal safety, when insulation failure occurs in any part of the electrical device, once the contact voltage exceeds 50V, it is necessary to automatically cut off the fault part of the power supply within the specified time. The over-current protection device is limited by the electrical circuit and equipment and its own action value, and can not automatically cut off the power supply. The residual current protection device is not affected by the load current and can be used in conjunction with the over-current protection device for indirect contact electric shock protection.

2.2 接地故(gù)障保(bǎo)護 Ground fault protection
接地是(shì)帶(dài)電導體和大(dà)地，接(jiē)地的(dí)金屬外殼或與地(dì)有(yǒu)聯係(xì)的(dí)構件之(zhī)間的接(jiē)觸，其故(gù)障可(kě)能(néng)導(dǎo)致人身電擊(jī)傷亡(wáng)和設(shè)備(bèi)損壞，嚴重(zhòng)時可(kě)能(néng)引(yǐn)發(fā)電氣火災。接地故障保(bǎo)護過去(qù)通常(cháng)采用(yòng)過(guò)電流保護裝(zhuāng)置進(jìn)行保(bǎo)護，當接地(dì)故障電(diàn)流(liú)大於過電流(liú)保(bǎo)護(hù)裝置(zhì)定值(zhí)時，由過電(diàn)流保護裝(zhuāng)置切斷故障(zhàng)電路(lù)。TT係統中(zhōng)額(é)定電流較(jiào)大，配電綫(xiàn)路較(jiào)長(cháng)的綫路(lù)，TN係(xì)統(tǒng)中帶電(diàn)導綫落(là)地接(jiē)地故(gù)障，不(bù)安(ān)全的(dí)金屬性(xìng)接地故(gù)障(zhàng)，電弧性接地(dì)故(gù)障時，都(dū)有(yǒu)可(kě)能出(chū)現接地(dì)故障電(diàn)流小於過(guò)電流保護(hù)動(dòng)作整(zhěng)定電流，過電流(liú)保護裝置(zhì)不動作的情況。剩(shèng)餘電(diàn)流保(bǎo)護裝置(zhì)，或帶接(jiē)地(dì)故障保(bǎo)護(hù)的斷路器(qì)，能可靠地進行接(jiē)地故障保(bǎo)護。

Grounding is the contact between a live conductor and the earth, a grounded metal shell or a component connected to the ground. Its failure may lead to personal electric shock casualties and equipment damage, and may cause electrical fire in serious cases. Ground fault protection used to be protected by over-current protection device. When the grounding fault current is greater than the fixed value of the over-current protection device, the fault circuit is cut off by the over-current protection device.

In TT system, the line with larger rated current and longer distribution line, grounding fault of live conductor, unsafe metallic grounding fault and arc grounding fault in TN system may occur that the grounding fault current is less than the setting current of over-current protection action, and the over-current protection device does not act. Residual current protection device, or circuit breaker with ground fault protection, can reliably carry out ground fault protection.

2.3 電氣火災保護(hù) Electrical fire protection
電氣火災(zāi)通(tōng)常(cháng)由(yóu)電氣(qì)短(duǎn)路引(yǐn)起(qǐ)，電氣短路包括金屬性(xìng)短路和電(diàn)弧性(xìng)短(duǎn)路(lù)。前者(zhě)是帶(dài)電(diàn)導體(tǐ)間（如相與相之間(jiān)，相(xiāng)與(yǔ) N 綫(xiàn)之間）短路，多以高(gāo)溫熔(róng)焊金屬為通路，故障電流(liú)以(yǐ)千安計(jì)，高(gāo)溫易(yì)使(shǐ)絕(jué)緣(yuán)氧化(huà)而(ér)自(zì)燃，火災危險雖大(dà)，但可用帶短(duǎn)路(lù)保護的斷(duàn)路器和(hé)熔(róng)斷器保護，由斷路器瞬(shùn)時動作(zuò)切斷(duàn)電(diàn)源(yuán)，避(bì)免火災。後(hòu)者(zhě)是(shì)帶電(diàn)導體對(duì)地短路(lù)，多以電(diàn)弧(hú)為通路(lù)，故障電(diàn)流雖(suī)小(xiǎo)，但(dàn)一方(fāng)麵電弧長時間(jiān)延續(xù)，局部溫度高，很容(róng)易點(diǎn)燃周(zhōu)邊(biān)可(kě)燃(rán)物(wù)質(zhì)，引發(fā)火災(zāi)；另(lìng)一方麵，又(yòu)不足以使(shǐ)一(yī)般斷路(lù)器(qì)動作跳閘切(qiē)斷電源。所(suǒ)以電(diàn)弧(hú)性短(duǎn)路(lù)引(yǐn)起火災危(wēi)險遠(yuǎn)大於金屬性短路。帶剩餘電流動作保(bǎo)護(hù)功能的斷(duàn)路器(qì)可在過電(diàn)流保(bǎo)護(hù)裝置(zhì)不(bù)動作(zuò)的(dí)情(qíng)況下(xià)切斷保(bǎo)障電路(lù)，防止電弧(hú)性短(duǎn)路引發的電氣(qì)火災(zāi)。

Electrical fire is usually caused by electrical short circuit, which includes metal short circuit and arc short circuit. The former is a short circuit between live conductors (such as between phases, between phases and N lines). The fault current is calculated in kilo ampere. High temperature is easy to cause insulation oxidation and spontaneous combustion.

Although the fire hazard is great, it can be protected by circuit breakers and fuses with short circuit protection, and the power supply is cut off by instantaneous action of circuit breaker to avoid fire. The latter is a live conductor short circuit to the ground, mostly arc as the path, although the fault current is small, but on the one hand, the arc lasts for a long time, the local temperature is high, it is easy to ignite the surrounding combustible material and cause fire. Therefore, the fire hazard caused by arc short circuit is much greater than that of metal short circuit. The circuit breaker with residual current action protection function can cut off the support circuit without the operation of the over-current protection device to prevent the electrical fire caused by the arc short circuit.

3.ASJ係列(liè)剩餘電(diàn)流(liú)繼電器(qì) ASJ Series of Residual Current Relay

3.1 型號(hào)和功(gōng)能  Model & Function

3.2 技術參(cān)數 Technical Parameters

3.3 典型(xíng)應用(yòng)示意圖(tú) Typical Application Schematic

4.剩餘(yú)電流(liú)繼電器(qì)在智能建築中的應用(yòng)場合舉(jǔ)例

Examples of application of residual current relay in intelligent building

4.1 智能化住宅建築及賓館客房 Intelligent residential buildings and hotel rooms

住宅及賓(bīn)館中(zhōng)的(dí)電(diàn)熨鬥，電吹風，電熱(rè)水壺，使用頻率高，容易(yì)發生導綫破(pò)損，水濺到插(chā)座(zuò)等(děng)情況，嚴(yán)重(zhòng)危害人身安全，需(xū)要監測漏電(diàn)流並進(jìn)行保護。智(zhì)能(néng)化(huà)住宅(zhái)建築和(hé)賓館(guǎn)客(kè)房中(zhōng)安裝了(liǎo)剩餘(yú)電流繼電器，可以(yǐ)在發生(shēng)漏(lòu)電或(huò)觸(chù)電(diàn)的(dí)情況(kuàng)下切(qiē)斷(duàn)電(diàn)源(yuán)，保(bǎo)護(hù)人(rén)身(shēn)安全。

The electric iron, hair dryer and electric kettle in residential and hotel have high frequency of use, which are prone to wire breakage and water splashing to socket, which seriously endanger personal safety and need to monitor leakage current and protect it. The residual current relay is installed in the intelligent residential building and hotel room, which can cut off the power supply and protect the personal safety in the case of leakage or electric shock.

4.2 智(zhì)能化建築中的遊(yóu)泳(yǒng)池 Swimming Pool in Intelligent Building

現代運動場(cháng)，賓館(guǎn)多(duō)為帶有(yǒu)遊泳池的(dí)智能(néng)化建(jiàn)築，為(wéi)了保證遊泳池清潔，一(yī)般的(dí)遊泳池都設有循環(huán)水泵係(xì)統。遊泳池是(shì)人(rén)群密集(jí)的場(cháng)所(suǒ)，為了(liǎo)保證人(rén)員的安(ān)全(quán)，遊(yóu)泳(yǒng)池的循環水泵(bèng)係統都要(yào)裝設(shè)剩餘(yú)電流繼(jì)電器。保證在循環水(shuǐ)泵(bèng)係統出(chū)現漏電故(gù)障時能及(jí)時跳(tiào)閘，切斷電(diàn)源(yuán)，保護(hù)人身(shēn)安(ān)全。

Modern sports fields and hotels are mostly intelligent buildings with swimming pool. In order to ensure the swimming pool is clean, the general swimming pool is equipped with circulating water pump system. Swimming pool is a crowded place. In order to ensure the safety of personnel, the circulating water pump system of swimming pool should be equipped with residual current relay. Ensure timely tripping, cutting off power supply and protecting personal safety when leakage fault occurs in circulating water pump system.

4.3 智(zhì)能(néng)化(huà)建築工地(dì) Intelligent construction site

智(zhì)能化建築施工工地常用(yòng)到(dào)散(sàn)裝水(shuǐ)泥和混凝(níng)土攪拌機(jī)，塔式起(qǐ)重(zhòng)機(jī)等各(gè)種(zhǒng)建築機械(xiè)，手(shǒu)鑽，切(qiē)割機等各種移(yí)動式(shì)用電(diàn)工(gōng)具，需要向它們(mén)臨(lín)時(shí)供電(diàn)。一般(bān)建(jiàn)築工(gōng)地環(huán)境(jìng)潮(cháo)濕(shī)，人員(yuán)繁多，結構(gòu)復雜(zá)，用電設(shè)備(bèi)多為(wéi)移動式，且(qiě)配(pèi)電綫(xiàn)路(lù)長而(ér)復(fù)雜，容(róng)易受到(dào)外力破壞，很(hěn)容(róng)易(yì)造(zào)成(chéng)漏(lòu)電，危(wēi)害(hài)人員(yuán)的(dí)安全。因(yīn)此，在建築工(gōng)地(dì)一般(bān)要(yào)設置(zhì)額(é)定(dìng)剩餘(yú)動作電(diàn)流在30 mA左右(yòu)的剩餘電流(liú)繼電(diàn)器。

Intelligent construction sites are commonly used to bulk cement and concrete mixers, tower cranes and other construction machinery, hand drills, cutting machines and other power tools, need to supply them temporary power. The general construction site environment is wet, the personnel is numerous, the structure is complex, the electric equipment is mostly, and the distribution line is long and complex, easy to be damaged by the external force, it is easy to cause the leakage and endanger the safety of personnel. Therefore, the residual current relay with rated residual current about 30mA should be set up in the construction site.

5.小(xiǎo)結 Summary

安(ān)科(kē)瑞(ruì)電氣(qì)的(dí)ASJ係(xì)列(liè)剩餘(yú)電流(liú)繼電器自(zì)推出以(yǐ)來，在工(gōng)業，民用，地鐵，智能建(jiàn)築(zhù)等多種場(cháng)合應用(yòng)，起(qǐ)到(dào)了較(jiào)好(hǎo)的(dí)保護效(xiào)果(guǒ)，值得推廣(guǎng)使(shǐ)用。

Acrel ASJ series of residual current relays have been applied in many occasions, such as industry, civil, subway, intelligent building and so on, which has played a good protective effect and is worth promotional use.

Bibliography

1，Solutions for enterprise micro-grid system