安科瑞 陳聰

 Application of open type Hall current sensor in power distribution system modification in a Russian factory

摘要：根據(jù)開(kāi)口(kǒu)式(shì)霍爾(ěr)電流傳(chuán)感器的(dí)原理，特點(diǎn)及(jí)安裝(zhuāng)方(fāng)式(shì)，分(fēn)析開口(kǒu)式霍爾(ěr)電流傳感器(qì)在(zài)工(gōng)廠(chǎng)改(gǎi)造(zào)配電係(xì)統(tǒng)中(zhōng)的(dí)應用，為(wéi)用(yòng)戶快速(sù)實(shí)現(xiàn)直流係統智能配(pèi)電提(tí)供解決(jué)方(fāng)案(àn)。

Abstract: According to the principle, characteristics and installation mode of the open-type Hall current sensor, the application of the open-type Hall current sensor in the transformation and distribution system of the factory is analyzed, so as to provide a solution for users to realize the intelligent distribution of DC system quickly.

關(guān)鍵詞(cí)：開口式(shì)霍爾電流傳感器;直(zhí)流配電係(xì)統(tǒng);工作(zuò)原(yuán)理;應用(yòng)

Key words: open type Hall current sensor;DC distribution system;working principle application

0概述(shù)Overview

    直(zhí)流配(pèi)電係統通(tōng)常由高(gāo)頻開關(guān)電源和蓄電池組成，用(yòng)於為(wéi)直(zhí)流係統(tǒng)中控製，信號，繼電保(bǎo)護(hù)及自(zì)動裝置，事故照(zhào)明(míng)等(děng)提供(gōng)可靠的直(zhí)流電源，對其供(gōng)電(diàn)的可靠(kào)性，穩定性(xìng)以及供電質(zhì)量(liáng)均有著很(hěn)高(gāo)的要(yào)求(qiú)。因(yīn)此在該俄(é)羅斯(sī)直流(liú)係統中，我(wǒ)們搭配(pèi)的直(zhí)流霍爾配(pèi)電能表使(shǐ)用。直流係統改(gǎi)造(zào)時不停(tíng)電，工程改造(zào)難度(dù)大(dà)，采(cǎi)用傳統(tǒng)的閉口(kǒu)霍(huò)爾(ěr)電流傳(chuán)感(gǎn)器(qì)或者(zhě)分流器(qì)也(yě)無法解(jiě)決(jué)，因此(cǐ)可采(cǎi)用開(kāi)口式(shì)霍爾(ěr)電(diàn)流(liú)傳感(gǎn)器(qì)來解決改造項目中直流(liú)電流計(jì)量問(wèn)題(tí)，確(què)保改造過(guò)程不停電且安全運(yùn)行。

DC distribution system is usually composed of high frequency switching power supply and battery, which is used to provide reliable DC power supply for control, signal, relay protection and automatic devices, accident lighting and so on in DC system. It has high requirements for the reliability, stability and quality of power supply. Therefore, in the Russian DC system, we matched the DC Hall distribution meter used. During the transformation of DC system, there is no power outage, and the engineering transformation is difficult, and the traditional closed Hall current sensor or shunt can not solve the problem. Therefore, the open Hall current sensor can be used to solve the DC current measurement problem in the transformation project, so as to ensure the safe operation of the transformation process without power outage.

1產品設計(jì) Product Design   

1.1結構(gòu)特點(diǎn)Structural features     

開(kāi)口(kǒu)式(shì)霍爾(ěr)電流(liú)傳(chuán)感器在(zài)傳統閉(bì)口霍(huò)爾電流(liú)傳(chuán)感(gǎn)器(qì)的(dí)基礎上進行研(yán)發，結(jié)構新(xīn)穎，外形(xíng)美觀大(dà)方(fāng)。整(zhěng)體由外殼(ké)，鐵芯，采樣綫路板(bǎn)及固定(dìng)樹脂(zhī)構成(chéng)，外(wài)殼(ké)材(cái)料(liào)采(cǎi)用(yòng)PC/ABS合金，具有(yǒu)耐高(gāo)溫(wēn)，機械強度高，環(huán)保等特點；鐵(tiě)芯(xīn)采(cǎi)用有取(qǔ)向(xiàng)冷紮矽鋼片，具(jù)有性能穩定(dìng)，機械強度高，導(dǎo)磁(cí)率(shuài)較高(gāo)等特點(diǎn)；綫(xiàn)路板(bǎn)與外(wài)部(bù)接(jiē)綫采(cǎi)用綠色(sè)可插(chā)拔端(duān)子(zǐ)，現場接(jiē)綫方便，可靠(kào)。具體(tǐ)結構如(rú)圖1，2所示(shì)，產品外(wài)觀(guān)采用分體式設(shè)計，圖(tú)1為(wéi)圓(yuán)孔型(xíng)，適(shì)合(hé)直(zhí)流係統(tǒng)一(yī)次母綫(xiàn)為電(diàn)纜(lǎn)時(shí)穿(chuān)過(guò)。，圖2方孔型(xíng)，適(shì)合直流(liú)係統(tǒng)一次母綫為(wéi)銅(tóng)排時(shí)穿(chuān)過(guò)。根(gēn)據一次電流(liú)的測(cè)量範圍及穿孔要求，可選擇(zé)相(xiāng)應(yīng)的(dí)產品(pǐn)類型(xíng)。該係(xì)列(liè)傳(chuán)感(gǎn)器(qì)電流(liú)可測範圍為20A～20000A，主要(yào)外(wài)形(xíng)有(yǒu)ф20，ф40，ф60，64*16，85*27，104*36，140*50等(děng)多(duō)種規格，如圖3所示，適(shì)用於不同(tóng)應用(yòng)場(cháng)合。

Open-mouth Hall current sensor is developed on the basis of traditional closed-mouth Hall current sensor. It has novel structure and beautiful appearance. The whole is composed of shell, iron core, sampling circuit board and fixed resin. The shell material is made of PC/ABS alloy, which has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high mechanical strength and environmental protection. The core is made of oriented cold bonded silicon steel sheet, which has the characteristics of stable performance, high mechanical strength and extremely high magnetic conductivity. Green pluggable terminal is used for circuit board and external wiring, which is convenient and reliable for on-site wiring. The specific structure is shown in Figure 1 and 2. The appearance of the product adopts split design. Figure 1 is a round pass, which is suitable for passing through the DC system when the primary bus is a cable. , Fig. 2 square pass, suitable for the DC system when the primary bus is copper bar. According to the measurement range of primary current and perforation requirements, the corresponding product type can be selected. This series of sensors can measure the current range of 20A ~ 20000A, the main shape of the phi 20, 40, 60, 64*16, 85*27, 104*36, 140*50 and other specifications, as shown in Figure 3, suitable for different applications.

Fig. 1 circular pass pattern

Fig. 2 Square pass pattern

Figure 3 AHKC series open type Hall current sensor

1.2工作(zuò)原理(lǐ)Working principle

霍爾(ěr)電流(liú)傳感(gǎn)器(qì)是根(gēn)據霍爾效應(yīng)，電磁(cí)感應原(yuán)理(lǐ)設(shè)計(jì)的一(yī)種傳(chuán)感(gǎn)器(qì)，按原(yuán)理(lǐ)可分(fēn)為(wéi)開環(huán)方(fāng)式(shì)（直放式(shì)）和閉環方(fāng)式(shì)（磁平(píng)衡式），開口(kǒu)式霍爾電(diàn)流傳感(gǎn)器是(shì)在(zài)傳(chuán)統開環（直放式）霍(huò)爾傳感(gǎn)器的基礎(chǔ)上加(jiā)以(yǐ)改進(jìn)，與傳統單鐵芯(xīn)，單(dān)霍(huò)爾芯片(piàn)設計(jì)不(bù)同，為了(liǎo)設(shè)計(jì)為(wéi)分體式結構，將(jiāng)鐵(tiě)芯分離(lí)對(duì)稱安裝，硬件采用雙霍(huò)爾(ěr)芯(xīn)片並聯互補(bǔ)差分(fēn)輸入，開口式(shì)霍爾(ěr)傳(chuán)感器原理如圖(tú)4所示(shì)：

Hall current sensor based on hall effect, electromagnetic induction principle, design of a sensor, according to the principle can be divided into the open loop mode (straight) and closed loop mode (magnetic balance type), open hall current sensor is in a traditional open loop (straight) is improved on the basis of hall sensor, is different from traditional single core, single chip design hall, In order to design a split structure, the iron core is separated and installed symmetrically. The hardware adopts parallel complementary differential input of double Hall chips. The principle of open-type Hall sensor is shown in Figure 4:

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of open Hall sensor

    當(dāng)原(yuán)邊(biān)電(diàn)流IP流(liú)過一根長(cháng)導綫時(shí)，在(zài)導綫周(zhōu)圍將(jiāng)產(chǎn)生磁場，磁(cí)場(cháng)的大小(xiǎo)與流過(guò)導綫的電流(liú)成(chéng)正(zhèng)比，產(chǎn)生(shēng)的磁(cí)場(cháng)聚(jù)集在(zài)磁環內(nèi)，通過磁環氣(qì)隙中兩(liǎng)個(gè)霍爾(ěr)元件進行測(cè)量(liáng)，兩霍(huò)爾(ěr)元件(jiàn)標誌麵(miàn)相反置(zhì)於(yú)同一磁場(cháng)內，輸(shū)出(chū)信號具(jù)有(yǒu)互補特征，輸出電壓(yā)通過(guò)差分(fēn)放(fàng)大輸出，不(bù)但(dàn)可(kě)抑止共模(mó)幹(gān)擾(rǎo)，也可溫(wēn)度漂移的(dí)影(yǐng)響，輸(shū)出電(diàn)壓(yā)VS準(zhǔn)確(què)的反映原(yuán)邊電流(liú)IP。一般的(dí)額定(dìng)輸(shū)出標定為(wéi)DC±5V或(huò)DC4-20mA。

 When the primary side current IP flows through a long wire, will produce a magnetic field around the wire, the size of the magnetic field and is proportional to the current through the wire, the magnetic field gathered in the circular, through two hall element in the circular air gap measurement, two hall element marks instead placed in the same field, the output signal with complementary characteristics of output voltage by differential amplifier output, Not only can suppress the common mode interference, but also the influence of temperature drift, the output voltage VS accurately reflect the original side current IP. The general rated output is calibrated as DC±5V or DC4-20mA.

1.3產品(pǐn)安裝Product installation

以(yǐ)方孔(kǒng)產(chǎn)品(pǐn)為例(lì)，如圖5所(suǒ)示，將開口(kǒu)式(shì)霍爾電(diàn)流傳感器的(dí)安裝螺(luó)絲(sī)打開，卸下傳感(gǎn)器(qì)的下體；將開(kāi)口(kǒu)式霍爾電(diàn)流(liú)傳感器的上體裝入(rù)配(pèi)電係(xì)統的一(yī)次母排(pái)，合上傳(chuán)感器(qì)的(dí)下(xià)體(tǐ)，將傳感器(qì)的安裝螺(luó)絲(sī)，墊(diàn)片穿(chuān)過(guò)上(shàng)，下(xià)體(tǐ)的(dí)固(gù)定孔，將(jiāng)傳感器的上，下(xià)體(tǐ)固定(dìng)在(zài)一起(qǐ)。如果(guǒ)現場可斷電安(ān)裝(zhuāng)，可在銅(tóng)牌上按(àn)傳感器間距要(yào)求開兩個對應螺紋孔，將傳(chuán)感器通過後側(cè)的安(ān)裝(zhuāng)固定孔(kǒng)固(gù)定在母排(pái)螺紋孔上，完成傳(chuán)感器的安裝；如現場要求(qiú)不斷電安裝，可采(cǎi)用配套(tào)橡(xiàng)膠墊塊(kuài)內嵌於(yú)外殼(ké)與銅(tóng)牌(pái)之(zhī)間固(gù)定，確保傳(chuán)感器能在(zài)振(zhèn)動(dòng)條件下也能可(kě)靠工作，整個安(ān)裝(zhuāng)過(guò)程比(bǐ)較(jiào)快速簡單。

Take square-hole products as an example, as shown in Figure 5, open the mounting screw of the open-type Hall current sensor, and remove the lower body of the sensor; The upper body of the open type Hall current sensor is loaded into the primary bus of the distribution system, and the lower body of the sensor is closed. The mounting screws and gaskets of the sensor pass through the fixing holes of the upper and lower bodies, and the upper and lower bodies of the sensor are fixed together. If on-site power off installation is possible, two corresponding threaded holes can be opened on the bronze plate according to the sensor spacing requirements, and the sensor is fixed on the threaded hole of the bus bar through the rear mounting fixing hole to complete the installation of the sensor; If the site requires continuous electric installation, the supporting rubber pad can be embedded between the shell and the bronze plate to ensure that the sensor can work reliably under vibration conditions. The whole installation process is relatively quick and simple. 

Fig. 5 Product installation diagram

1.4開口(kǒu)式(shì)霍(huò)爾(ěr)傳感器(qì)優(yōu)點Advantages of open type Hall sensor

 與傳統直流電(diàn)流(liú)計量(liáng)一般采用分(fēn)流器或互感器(qì)測量方(fāng)法相(xiāng)比，開(kāi)口(kǒu)式霍爾傳感(gǎn)器具(jù)有(yǒu)以(yǐ)下優點(diǎn)：

1）原邊副邊絕緣(yuán)強度高(gāo)，可(kě)高達AC 12kV隔離(lí)；

2）無(wú)插入損耗(hào)；

3）動(dòng)態(tài)性能(néng)好：響應時間小於(yú)20us跟蹤速(sù)度di/dt高於20A/us

4) 安(ān)裝時無需拆卸原(yuán)邊電纜(lǎn)或(huò)母排(pái)，特別(bié)適用(yòng)於不(bù)允(yǔn)許(xǔ)斷(duàn)電(diàn)設備(bèi)的(dí)改(gǎi)造(zào)施(shī)工。

Compared with the traditional DC current measurement method generally adopted by shunt or transformer, the open-type Hall sensor has the following advantages:

1) High insulation strength of primary side and secondary side, up to AC 12KV isolation;

2) No insertion loss;

3) Good dynamic performance: the response time is less than 20uS and the tracking speed Di /dt is higher than 20A/ uS

4) There is no need to disassemble the original side cable or bus during installation. It is especially suitable for the transformation and construction of equipment that is not allowed to lose power.

2.產品(pǐn)應用Product application

 開(kāi)口式霍爾(ěr)電(diàn)流傳感(gǎn)器(qì)主要應用(yòng)在(zài)工廠改造直(zhí)流配電(diàn)係統(tǒng)中，如電(diàn)廠直(zhí)流電源係統(tǒng)改造(zào)，變電(diàn)站(zhàn)直(zhí)流係統改(gǎi)造改造，通訊機房改(gǎi)造，鐵路(lù)機車改(gǎi)造等項目，它能(néng)將(jiāng)係(xì)統(tǒng)中原(yuán)邊(biān)直流電流信號(hào)轉換(huàn)成為(wéi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)DC± 5V或(huò)4-20mA輸(shū)出，起到了(liǎo)監(jiān)測和電(diàn)氣隔離作(zuò)用，可(kě)與多回路(lù)監控儀表(biǎo)或(huò)其(qí)他電(diàn)氣測(cè)量(liáng)儀(yí)表(biǎo)配套使用。

Open-end Hall current sensor is mainly used in the transformation of DC distribution system in factories, such as DC power system transformation in power plants, DC system transformation in substations, communication room transformation, railway locomotive transformation and other projects. It can convert the central edge DC current signal of the system into standard DC± 5V or 4-20mA output. It plays the role of monitoring and electrical isolation, and can be used with multi-loop monitoring instruments or other electrical measuring instruments.   

3.結(jié)論Conclusion

開口(kǒu)式霍(huò)爾電流傳感(gǎn)器因其結(jié)構簡單(dān)，安裝方便，運(yùn)行(háng)可靠等良好(hǎo)的(dí)適(shì)用性，在(zài)直(zhí)流係統應用中(zhōng)發(fā)揮很大(dà)的(dí)作用，特別是改造(zào)項(xiàng)目中得(dé)到了(liǎo)大(dà)量應(yīng)用(yòng)。

Open-end Hall current sensor plays an important role in the application of DC system because of its simple structure, convenient installation, reliable operation and other good applicability, especially in the renovation project.

參考文(wén)獻(xiàn) Bibliography

1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2021.04